TAFSEER SURAH AS-SAFF
THE
20 REASONS WHY ISLAM SHALL DOMINATE THE FUTURE (CONT’D)
THE
CATEGORISATION OF HADITH
BY
SHAIKH ABDULLAH FAISAL
02nd September
2013
Notes by Authentic
Tauheed 38
We are still
explaining ayah 9 in which Allah (swt) said that He will give Islam a brilliant
future even though the kufaar
hate it
He it is Who has sent His Messenger
(Muhammad SAW) with guidance and the religion of truth (Islamic Monotheism) to
make it victorious over all (other) religions even though the Mushrikun (polytheists,
pagans, idolaters, and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah and in His
Messenger Muhammed SAW) hate (it). (As-Saff 61:9)
Islam is the religion
(system) that protects your six sacred things
Your life, wealth,
honour, aql, lineage and Deen
We kill the murderer,
flog the slanderer, cut the
hand of the thief, kill the drug smuggler, kill the adulterer and also fight the zindeeq who spread false versions
of Islam
15. ISLAM IS THE ONLY RELIGION WHICH IS
METICULOUSLY DOCUMENTED
What is the definition
of Hadith?
The biography of the Rasul
(saw) was documented through Hadith, how he walked, slept, fought and also what duas he made before and after
every action
Indeed in the Messenger of Allah
(Muhammad SAW) you have a good example to follow for him who hopes in (the
Meeting with) Allah and the Last Day and remembers Allah much. (Al-Ahzab 33:21)
We don't have this in
Christianity
You know how the Prophet
did everything and when he did them
Ibn Abaas (r.a) said
that we have what others never had before Islam
Hadith is a narration of
the Rasul (saw) in regards to his speech, actions, approvals and disapprovals also his personal description
A Hadith Qudsi is one that the meaning is from
Allah but the Rasul narrated it
He narrated it directly
from Allah like the Hadith that says
Allah has made oppression haraam on Himself
.“Oh, my servants! I have made
oppression haraam (forbidden) upon myself, and also between you. So do not
oppress each other...." [Sahih Muslim, Hadith #6246]
IMAM NAWAWI / QUDSI / HADITH 24
The Authority Of Abu Dharr
Al-Ghafari: On the authority of Abu Dharr Al-Ghafari, of the prophet is that
among the sayings he relates from his Lord is that He said: "O My
servants, I have forbidden oppression for Myself and have made it forbidden
amongst you, so do not oppress one another.
What is a Khabar?
A khabar is a narration about a person other than
the Rasul
An Israeliyyah is the narrations from the Jewish
rabbis
E.g. Yusuf (a.s) got
married to Zulaika after her husband died
This story is from the
israeliyyah and we take it with a pinch of salt
The Rasul said we
neither deny nor accept their stories
An
athar is the speech and actions of the Sahabah
E.g. Umar (r.a) said
that if poverty was a man he would have killed him with his own two hands
Also Abdur Rahman Ibn
Auff divorced one of his wives when he was in his deathbed so that she doesn't
inherit but Uthman (r.a) overruled
that and allowed her to inherit
Isnad is the chain of transmitters leading back to
the Rasul
The MATN is the body of the Hadith itself
I.e. to say the saying
or action of the Rasul (saw)
Takhreej is to mention the scholars who reported
the Hadith
THE 9 FAMOUS BOOKS OF HADITH
1. Bukhari
2. Muslim
3. Abu Dawud
4. Tirmidhi
5. Nasa'i
6. Ibn Majah
7. The Muwatta of Imam Malick
8. At-Darimi
9. Musnad Ahmad
A Hadith Mutawaatir is when you have 4 or more
Sahabahs reporting the Hadith
They all heard or witnessed the action being
reported
Mutawaatir means widespread
Hadith Aahaad is when less than 4 Sahabahs
reported the Hadith
We accept Hadith aahaad
into our aqeeda and Shariah as long as it is sahih
Hadith Mashhoor is when 3 Sahabahs reported the Hadith
The Hanafis came up with
this classification and the
Ummah accepted it
Hadith Aziz is when 2 Sahabahs narrated the Hadith
It was narrated that Anas said: The Prophet (SAW) said: “No
one of you truly believes until I am dearer to him than his father, his son,
his own self and all the people.” [Narrated by al-Bukhari (15) and Muslim (44)]
E.g. the Hadith that
said none of you truly believes until I (the Rasul) am dearer to you more than
your parents and yourself.
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: that the Prophet
said: "Beware of narrating
from me except what I taught you, for whoever lies about me on purpose, then let
him take his seat in the Fire. And whoever says (something) about the Qur'an
according to his (own) opinion, then let him take his seat in the Fire."
{Tirmidhi}
Abdullah ibn Amr (RA) reported that
Allah’s Messenger (SAW) said, Convey from me (to the absent) even one verse.
And narrate from the Banu Isra’il there is no harm in that. If anyone lies
about me deliberately then let him take his seat in Hell.” [Tirmidhi 2678,
Ahmed 6496, Bukhari 3461]
An example of Hadith
Mutawaatir is the above Hadith
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's
Messenger () said, "We (Muslims) are the last (people to come in the
world) but (will be) the foremost (on the Day of Resurrection)." [Sahih Al
Bukhari 238/Vol 1 book 4 Hadith 239]
An example of Hadith
Mashhoor is the above Hadith
A Hadith Ghareeb is a Hadith in which only one
Sahabah narrated it
E.g. of Hadith ghareeb
is ' travelling is a form of punishment'
Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's
Messenger () said, "There are three persons whom Allah will neither talk
to nor look at, nor purify from (the sins), and they will have a painful
punishment. (They are): (1) A man possessed superfluous water on a way and he
withheld it from the travelers. (2) a man who gives a pledge of allegiance to a
Muslim ruler and gives it only for worldly gains. If the ruler gives him what
he wants, he remains obedient to It, otherwise he does not abide by it, and (3)
a man bargains with another man after the `Asr prayer and the latter takes a
false oath in the Name of Allah) claiming that he has been offered so much for
the thing and the former (believes him and) buys it." [Sahih Al Bukhari
2672]
Travel is a piece of punishment" Malik --- Yahya b. Abi
Salih --- Abu Hurairah --- the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him
peace). With regard to its isnad, this Hadith is Sahih
A Hadith is termed gharib ("scarce, strange") when
a only a single reporter is found relating it at some stage of the isnad. For
example, the saying of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace),
"Travel is a piece of punishment" is gharib; the isnad of this Hadith
contains only one reporter in each stage: Malik --- Yahya ibn Abi Salih --- Abu
Hurayrah --- the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). With regard
to its isnad, this Hadith is sahih, although most gharib aHadith are weak
This is why you shorten
and join your prayers when travelling
The minimum distance is
3 miles
Ahmad, Muslim, Abu Dawud, and
al-Baihaqi record that Yahya ibn Yazid said: "I asked Anas ibn Malik about
shortening the prayer, and he said: 'The Messenger of Allah would pray two
rak'at if he had traveled a distance of three miles or farsakh."'
Hadith Sahih is an authentic Hadith i.e. free from
defects
There are 3 conditions for a Hadith to be free
from defects
1. Adl- Integrity
The narrator has to have
integrity and not a munafiq or from a deviant group.
However Bukhari
collected Hadiths from the khawaarij because they don't lie since they believe that to lie makes you a kaafir.
2. Dabt - Soundness in memory
If you are forgetful
then the Hadith is classified as weak.
If a person with a weak
memory is found in the chain of narrators it is classified as weak.
But if a liar is found
then it is classified as fabricated because the first condition is missing.
3. Ittisaal - Continuity in the chain of
transmitters
The chain of
transmitters should not be broken
The second category of Hadith is HASAN
Which is a good Hadith but not at the level of
sahih
The third category is called HASAN LI GHAIRIHI
Meaning a weak Hadith
that was elevated to the level of Hasan because it has other narrations to
support it
E.g. the black stone
came from heaven white and the sins turned it black
Also when Asmaa (r.a)
came to the presence of the Rasul wearing see-through clothes and the Rasul
looked away saying she didn't dress properly as she should expose her palm and
her face only
When a girl reaches puberty, it is
not appropriate that any of her should be seen, excepting her face, and her
hands upto the wrists." [Narrated by Abu Dawud; It is a mursal narration
at the level of hasan.]
The fourth category is called DAEEF which is a
weak Hadith
E.g. The worst halaal is
divorce
It is permissible for a
scholar to use a weak Hadith to encourage people to do good.
"The most hateful permissible
thing (al-Halal) in the sight of Allah is divorce." (Abu Dawud, Hadith
1863, Ibn Majah, Hadith 2008).
So if he is trying to
save a marriage then he can quote that Hadith
The
fifth category is MAWDOO3 which is fabricated
This is a lie which was
attributed to the Rasul (saw)
If you lie on the Rasul
deliberately you become a kaafir because Hadith came from Allah (swt) but if you quote it out it ignorance you are
not a kaafir
Nor does he speak of (his own) desire.
(An-Najm 53:3)
It is only an Inspiration that is
inspired. (An-Najm 53:4)
Surah 53:3-4 proves that
Hadiths are from Allah
An example of a
fabricated Hadith is 'I am a city of knowledge and Ali is the gate'
he well-known and reliable Hadith of the
Prophet - "I am the city of knowledge and 'Ali is its gate" is not
present in the current editions of the Sahih (alternatively called Jami` or
Sunan) of al-Tirmidhi (d. 279 AH).
Also ' My Sahabahs are
like the stars in the sky anyone you follow you will be guided'
Another ' if it wasn't
for Muhammad (saw) nothing would have been created'
Another ' seek knowledge
even to China'
Seek knowledge even as far as China.
[Related by Ibn Adee 2/207 and classified fabricated by Ibn Jawzee and Ibn
Hibbaan.]
found in the Mustadrak of al Haakim
“When Adam sinned, Allah told him to seek forgiveness in the name of Muhammad,
then Allah said to him: Had it not been for Muhammad I wouldn’t create the
heavens and the earth. I Allah created the heavens and the earth for the sake
of Muhammad."
The members of my household are like the
stars in the sky whichever one you follow you shall he guided. [Related by Abu
Na'eem and classified fabricated by Adh-Dhahaabee who said a liar was found in
the Isnaad called Ahmad Ibn Ishaaq]
The above Hadith was
classified as fabricated because there was a liar in the isnaad
The Hadith ' love the
arabs because I'm an arab' is also fabricated.
'Love the arabs for three reasons,
because i am an arab, the Quran is in arabic and the language of the poeple of
paradise is arabic'The is no evidence can be proven to the Hadith
authentication. The Hadith is classed as fabricated. And the cause of
fabricated can be specified as prejudice in favour of town or race or a
particular imam
Also 'when the Rasul
realised his parents died as kaafir, they were brought back alive and he gave
them Shahadah' is
fabricated
This is the favourite
Hadith of goofy sufis
The Saudi Salafis love
to quote the Hadith ' when the leader beats you up and takes your money then
you should obey him'
This Hadith is in Muslim
but is not authentic
The sixth category is MURSAL
Where a tabi'i narrates
directly from the Rasul and leaves off the Sahabah
Because he left out the Sahabah
it is classified as weak
The seventh category is MU'ALLAQ meaning hanging
It is when the Hadith
scholars quotes the Hadith but doesn't mention from which Shaikh he got it from
The eighth category is MUDALLIS
A mudallis is a person
who gives you a false impression
E.g. he lives in the
same era as Imam Shafi' and says things attributing them to him but he didn't hear it from him
He gives you the
impression that he is telling the truth
The
ninth category is MUNQATI3 meaning discontinuity (a transmitter is missing from
the isnaad)
The tenth category is MATTASIL meaning continuity
It is the opposite of
muttasil
The eleventh category is called SHAADH meaning
bizarre of weird
Imam Shafi gave this
definition
This is when a
trustworthy narrator contradicts a narrator more trustworthy than himself
E.g. the Hadith that
says you wag your fingers when in tashahud
Imam Nawawi mentions in the Majmu‘
(3.454) from Abu Dawud and others with a sound chain of narrators on the
authority Abdullah Ibn Az-Zubayr, that he described the prayer of the Prophet
(SAW) by saying, “He would point with his finger while supplicating without
moving it.” As for what is present in the narration that mentions, that he
(SAW) “used to move it”, the expression, “move it is an unreliable anomalous
(Ar. shadhdh) narration because the narrator who relates [this Hadith] on the
authority of the Companion Wael Ibn Hujr (RA) contradicts everyone else who
narrated from him
The fatwa above refutes
the wagging of the finger in Salah during tashahhud
The twelveth category is MUNKAR, which is a
renounced and rejected Hadith
The Hanbalis came up
with this definition
E.g. 'the Rasul spent 15
years in Makkah' is munkar
The categorisation of Hadith is a science called
JARH WA TA'DEEL
This proves that the
Islamic scholars painstakingly study the Deen in order to protect the Ummah
from fabricated Hadiths.
