بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
SHARH BULUGH AL
{Book 2 Chapter 13
(Salatul Khauf) page 174}
{Prayer During Times of Fear or Danger}
FEBRUARY 23 2013 / 12 RABI AL THANI
1435 HIJRI
BY SHAIKH ABDULLAH FAISAL
EDITED BY ABU HAFIZA
اب صلاة الخوف
CHAPTER SALATUL KHAUF
عن صالح بن خوات، - عمن
صلى مع رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يوم
ذات الرقاع صلاة الخوف:
أن طائفة صلت معه وطائفة وجاه العدو، فصلى
بالذين معه ركعة، ثم ثبت قائما وأتموا لأنفسهم، ثم انصرفوا فصفوا وجاه العدو،
وجاءت الطائفة الأخرى، فصلى بهم الركعة التي بقيت، ثم ثبت جالسا وأتموا لأنفسهم،
ثم سلم بهم. متفق عليه، وهذا لفظ مسلم. ووقع
في «المعرفة» لابن منده، عن صالح بن خوات، عن أبيه
500. Salih bin Khawwat (RAA) on the
authority of those who prayed Salatul Khauf (prayer during time of danger) with
the Prophet (Sallallahu
alayhi wa sallam) at the battle of Dhat ar-Riqa', 'A
group lined up with the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam).
He prayed one rak'ah with the group
that was with him and remained standing while they finished the prayer (by
praying another rak'ah) and then left and faced the enemy. The second group
came and prayed the remaining rak'ah with him, then he remained sitting until
they had completed their prayers themselves, after which he led them in making
the Taslim.'
[Agreed upon, and the wording is from
Muslim]
- Prayed along with him; while another group faced the enemy.
وعن
ابن عمر قال: غزوت مع النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - قبل نجد، فوازينا العدو، فصاففناهم، فقام
رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - يصلي بنا، فقامت طائفة معه، وأقبلت طائفة
على العدو، وركع بمن معه، وسجد سجدتين، ثم انصرفوا مكان الطائفة التي لم تصل
فجاءوا، فركع بهم ركعة، وسجد سجدتين، ثم سلم، فقام كل واحد منهم، فركع لنفسه ركعة،
وسجد سجدتين. متفق عليه، وهذا لفظ البخاري
501. Ibn 'Umar (RAA), narrated, 'I took part in a battle with
the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam), in Najd .
We faced the enemy and arranged ourselves in rows. Then the Messenger of Allah
(Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) stood up to lead the prayer. A
group lined up to pray with him while the other faced the enemy. The Prophet (Sallallahu
alayhi wa sallam) bowed in ruku' and the first group bowed with him and then he
performed two prostrations. The first group then left (after praying one
rak'ah) and took place of those who had not yet prayed. The second group came
to pray with the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and he prayed one rak'ah and
performed two prostrations and then said the Taslim.
Then the latter group stood up
and prayed another rak'ah and performed two prostrations on their own'
[Agreed upon, and the wording is
from Al-Bukhari]
وعن جابر قال: شهدت مع رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - صلاة
الخوف، فصفنا صفين: صف خلف رسول الله - صلى
الله عليه وسلم - والعدو بيننا وبين القبلة، فكبر النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وكبرنا
جميعا، ثم ركع وركعنا جميعا، ثم رفع رأسه من الركوع ورفعنا جميعا، ثم انحدر
بالسجود والصف الذي يليه، وقام الصف المؤخر في نحر العدو، فلما قضى السجود، قام
الصف الذي يليه ... فذكر الحديث. وفي رواية: ثم
سجد وسجد معه الصف الأول، فلما قاموا سجد الصف الثاني، ثم تأخر الصف الأول وتقدم
الصف الثاني ... فذكر مثله. وفي آخره: ثم
سلم النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وسلمنا
جميعا. رواه مسلم
502. Jabir bin 'Abdullah (RAA) narrated, 'I prayed
Salatul Khauf (prayer when one is afraid) with the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and he
arranged us in two rows behind him. The enemy was between us and the Qiblah
(i.e. the enemy in this case was in the direction of the Qiblah).
The Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made the
Takbir and we all followed him. Then he made ruku' and we all performed ruku'
after him. Then he raised his head from the ruku' and we all raised our heads
from the ruku'. Next, the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) went down
for Sujud (prostration) as well as the row closest to him (i.e. the front row),
while the back row stood facing the enemy until the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and the
first row had completed their prostration, after which the back row performed
Sujud and then stood.
Following this, those in the back row moved to the
front, while those in the front row moved to the back. The Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) performed
the ruku' and we all performed ruku'.
Then, he raised his head and we raised our heads from
ruku'. Afterward, he made the Sujud and the row that was previously in the back
during the first rak'ah prostrated with him while the [new] back row stood
facing the enemy. When the Prophet and the [new] front row had completed their
Sujud, the [new] back row performed Sujud. Finally, the Prophet made the Taslim
and we followed him in this.'
[Related by Ahmad, Muslim and An-Nasa'i. In another
narration]
'Then he prostrated and the first row prostrated
with him. When they stood, the second row performed Sujud...' and mentioned the
same as the rest of the first Hadith.' Finally, 'Then the Prophet (Sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made the
Taslim and we all made the Taslim with him.'
[Related by Muslim]
ولأبي داود: عن أبي عياش الزرقي مثله، وزاد: أنها كانت بعسفان
503. Abu Dawud related on the authority of Abu 'Aiyash
az-Zuraqi, a similar Hadith with the following addition, 'It was performed
(i.e. the fear prayer) at 'Usfan.'
- Some scholars say this is only for
the prophet.
- They say you have to have two jamaah.
- One watch while they others pray.
And when you (Muslims) travel in
the land, there is no sin on you if you shorten your Salat (prayer) if you fear
that the disbelievers may attack you, verily, the disbelievers are ever unto
you open enemies.
(An-Nisa 4:101)
When you (O Messenger Muhammad Sallallahu
alayhi wa sallam) are among them, and lead them in As-Salat (the prayer), let one party
of them stand up [in Salat (prayer)] with you taking their arms with them; when
they finish their prostrations, let them take their positions in the rear and
let the other party come up which has not yet prayed, and let them pray with
you taking all the precautions and bearing arms. Those who disbelieve wish, if
you were negligent of your arms and your baggage, to attack you in a single
rush, but there is no sin on you if you put away your arms because of the
inconvenience of rain or because you are ill, but take every precaution for
yourselves. Verily, Allah has prepared a
humiliating torment for the disbelievers.
(An-Nisa 4:102)
- On the battlefield you still have to pray,
The Salah of fear is prescribed
during every lawful battle, such as fighting disbelievers or aggressors,
because Allaah, the Most High, says,
[“If you fear that those who disbelieve will cause you
distress”]
[Sura Al-Nisaa: 101].
The proof for the legality of the
Salah of fear is the Qur’an, the Sunnah and the consensus. Allaah, the Most
High says,
[“And when you are among them and keep up the prayer for
them, let a party of them stand up with you, and let them take their arms; then
when they have prostrated themselves, let them go to your rear, and let another
party who have not prayed come forward and pray with you, and let them take
their precautions and their arms”]
[Surah Al-Nisaa: 102].
There are different ways to
perform the Salah of fear, and all of them are established in the authentic
Sunnah and all are permissible.
Imam Ahmad, may Allaah bestow His
mercy upon him, said, “Five or six ways of praying the Salah of fear have
been proven authentic from the Prophet, and all of these ways are allowed”
The Salah of fear can be prayed
when there is a need during travelling, or while residing if the Muslims fear
an attack of the enemy, because the reason for it is fear, not travelling.
However, there is no shortening of the Salah of fear for a resident, and only
the manner in which it is prayed is shortened.
On the other hand, during
travelling both the number of Raka’at – if it were a Salah of 4 Raka’at
– as well as the way it is prayed
is shortened.
This Salah is allowed with two
conditions:
1. It is lawful to fight the
enemy, as we have previously mentioned.
2. Fear that the enemy will
attack during Salah, for Allaah says,
[“If you fear that those who disbelieve will cause you
distress”]
[Sura Al-Nisaa: 101],
[“(For) those who disbelieve desire that you may be
careless of your arms and your luggage, so that they may then turn upon you
with a sudden, united attack”]
[Sura Al-Nisaa: 102]
From the characteristics of the
Salah of fear is what was reported from the Prophet in the hadeeth of Sahl bin
Abi Hathma Al-Ansaari, which Imam Ahmad adopted as it is similar to how the
Salah is described in the Qur’an, and it is the safest, because a Salah at the time
of war is harder on the enemy.
The Prophet r prayed this Salah
during the battle of Dhaat Al-Riqaa’, and in a report, Sahl described it as,
“A group lined up with the Prophet
while another group faced the enemy”
He prayed one Raka'ah with the
group that was with him, and remained standing while they finished the Salah
and left to face the enemy. The second group came and prayed the remaining
Raka'ah with him, and he remained seated until they completed their prayers
individually, after which he led them in (making) the Tasleem”
[Narration is agreed upon]
- kuffar are opportunists.
- They used 911 to take civil liberties,
- They use it to bug phones,
