TAFSIR
SURAH QASAS (PART 9)
PARADISE
IS FOR THOSE WHO ARE HUMBLE
by Shaikh Abdullah Faisal
18th September 2014 / 24th Dhul Qaddah
1435 AH (Evening)
NOTES typed LIVE by AT3
Edited and Formatted by AT5
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ
الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ
AYAH 83
تِلْكَ الدَّارُ
الْآخِرَةُ نَجْعَلُهَا لِلَّذِينَ لَا يُرِيدُونَ عُلُوًّا فِي الْأَرْضِ وَلَا
فَسَادًا وَالْعَاقِبَةُ لِلْمُتَّقِينَ
That home of the Hereafter (i.e. Paradise), We shall assign to
those who rebel not against the truth with pride and oppression in the land nor
do mischief by committing crimes. And the good end is for the Muttaqun (pious -
see V.2:2). (Al-Qasas 28:83)
- Ayah 83 specifically speaks of:
- The people who are proud
- The people who are oppressive/tyrannical
- The people who are spread mischief in the land
- Allah informs us that the insincere people will never become sincere believers
- The people who are proud, oppressive and the spreaders of mischief
- Can not be sincere believers and nor will they enter paradise
- A prime example of this is Iblis:
- The people who are proud
- The people who are oppressive/tyrannical
- The people who are spread mischief in the land
- Allah informs us that the insincere people will never become sincere believers
- The people who are proud, oppressive and the spreaders of mischief
- Can not be sincere believers and nor will they enter paradise
- A prime example of this is Iblis:
And (remember) when We
said to the angels: "Prostrate yourselves before Adam.". And they
prostrated except Iblis (Satan), he refused and was proud and was one of the
disbelievers (disobedient to Allah). (Al-Baqarah 2:34)
- Here Allah gives us an example of a being who became a kaafir because of pride
- To
rebel against one commandment of Allah is sufficient to become a kaafir
- Another
example of such is Nimrod - a person who refused to believe because of pride
- The
third example is the firawn of Egypt
- The
fourth example is Abu Jahl
- They
all refused to believe in the name of pride
- They
were loyal to a fault, meaning
to be loyal to falsehood
It Is narrated on the
authority of Abdullah b. Mas'ud that the Messenger of Allah (SAW), observed: He
who has in his heart the weight of a mustard seed of pride shall not enter
Paradise. A person (amongst his hearers) said: Verily a person loves that his
dress should be fine, and his shoes should be fine. He (the Holy Prophet)
remarked: Verily, Allah is Graceful and He loves Grace. Pride is disdaining the
truth (out of self-conceit) and contempt for the people. [Sahih Muslim (1/93)
No. 91]
- So in
this Ayah (83) Allah speaks about pride and oppression
- these
two diseases of the heart go hand in hand
- those
who are proud are always oppressive too
- Hence
Allah mentions both diseases in the same ayah.
Iyad ibn Himar reported:
The Messenger of Allah (SAW), said, “Verily, Allah has revealed to me that you
must be humble towards one another, so that no one oppresses another or boasts
to another.” [Sahih Muslim (4/2198) No. 2865]
- When
Luqman the wise advised his sons
- he
said do not be proud:
"And turn not your
face away from men with pride, nor walk in insolence through the earth. Verily,
Allah likes not each arrogant boaster. (Luqman 31:18)
- Allah
dislikes both the arrogant
- and
also those who are oppressive:
And as for those who
believe (in the Oneness of Allah) and do righteous good deeds, Allah will pay
them their reward in full. And Allah does not like the Zalimun (polytheists and
wrong-doers). (Aali Imran 3:57)
- Allah
has said that those who do not govern by that which He has revealed are the
oppressors:
…And whoever does not
judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the Zalimun (wrongdoers).
(Al-Ma’idah 5:45)
- Allah
states that we must not allow our hatred for people to oppress them
- we
must be just even towards those we dislike:
O you who believe!
Stand out firmly for Allah and be just witnesses and let not the enmity and
hatred of others make you avoid justice. Be just: that is nearer to piety, and
fear Allah. Verily, Allah is WellAcquainted with what you do. (Al-Ma'idah 5:8)
Narrated By Ibn Abbas:
The Prophet sent Mu'adh to Yemen and said, "Fear the supplication of the
oppressed, for there is no barrier between it and Allah." [al-Bukhari
(1496) and Muslim (19)]
Abu Hurayrah (RA)
reported that Allah’s Messenger said, "Three prayers are surely answered:
the supplication of the oppressed, the supplication of the traveller, and the
supplication of the father for his son." [Sunan Tirmidhi (5/502) No. 3448,
Sunan Ibn Majah (5/30) No. 3862, Musnad Ahmad (2/258) No. 7501, Sunan Abu Dawud
(2/89) No. 1536]
- Then
Allah mentions that we must not spread mischief in the land
- e.g.
opening brothels, selling drugs, armed robberies, terrorising people etc
- The biggest mischief in the land is the preaching of a false religion
- especially to do such with the claim that it's Islaam that is being preached
- Such a person is a zindeeq - a heretic - one who constructs his own religion
- especially to do such with the claim that it's Islaam that is being preached
- Such a person is a zindeeq - a heretic - one who constructs his own religion
'Abdur-Rahmaan Ibn
Muhammad Ibn Habeeb Ibn Abee Habeeb on the authority of his father, on the
authority of his grandfather [who] said: I witnessed Khaalid Ibn 'Abdullah
Al-Qasree - and he addressed them at Waasit - "Oh People, make sacrifice,
may Allah accept it from you. Verily I am sacrificing Al-Ja'd Ibn Dirham, for
indeed he claims that Allah did not take Ibrahim as a khaleel (close friend),
and [that] He did not speak to Moosa. Most Perfect is He and exalted is He from
what Al-Ja'd says." Then he descended and slaughtered him. I say: And the
Jahmiyyah and Mu'tazilah speak with this, and they distort the text of the
revelation regarding that, and they claim that the Lord is purified of that
(i.e. having spoken to Moses and taken Ibrahim as a khalil). [Mukhtasar
al-Uluww of adh-Dhahabi, (p.134)]
- Ja'd
Ibn Dirham was beheaded because he was spreading mischief in the land
- by
spreading erroneous beliefs/aqeedah, preaching kufr in the name of Islaam
- He claimed, Allah did not take Ibrahim as a friend nor did Allah speak to Moosa
- He claimed, Allah did not take Ibrahim as a friend nor did Allah speak to Moosa
- This
is the worst of mischiefs - to preach 'Hislam' instead of Islam
- Allah tells us in the following ayah, how to deal with the mischief spreaders of the land
- Allah tells us in the following ayah, how to deal with the mischief spreaders of the land
The recompense of those
who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in the land is
only that they shall be killed or crucified or their hands and their feet be
cut off on the opposite sides, or be exiled from the land. That is their disgrace
in this world, and a great torment is theirs in the Hereafter. (Al-Ma'idah
5:33)
- The
permission of crucifixion is clearly mentioned in the above verse
- So when crucifixion is carried out in accordance to the shareeyah, it shouldn't surprise us
- This
form of punishment is carried out in Saudi Arabia.
- If a
person recants after having created mischief
- they
maybe forgiven and saved from capital punishment
- however
this decision is up to the judge.
- It is
more likely for the judge to prevent capital punishment,
- if the
person repents
through his own freewill before getting caught.
- In certain circumstances even an apostate who seeks Allahs forgiveness may be set free
- However Taubah
(repentance) does not always lift the capital punishment.
- As the
judge may say although you have repented, the taubah is between you and Allah.
- So not every person who recants will be spared
- It is a circumstantial decision made by the Qadee /judge
- If the apostate is adamant in his kufr then the capital punishment will be executed.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn
Taymiyah (rh) said: “Apostasy is of two types: ordinary apostasy and extreme
apostasy, for which execution is prescribed. In both cases there is evidence
that it is essential to execute the apostate, but the evidence indicating that
the sentence of death may be waived if the person repents does not apply to
both types of apostasy. Rather the evidence indicates that that is allowed only
in the first case – i.e., ordinary apostasy – as will be clear to anyone who
studies the evidence that speaks about accepting the repentance of the
apostate. In the second type – i.e., extreme apostasy – the obligation to put
the apostate to death still stands, and there is no text or scholarly consensus
to indicate that the death sentence may be waived. The two cases are quite
different and there is no comparison between them. It does not say in the
Qur’aan or Sunnah, or according to scholarly consensus, that everyone who
apostatizes in word or deed may be spared the death sentence if he repents
after he is a captured and tried. Rather the Qur’aan and Sunnah, and scholarly
consensus, differentiate between the different kinds of apostates.” [al-Saarim
al-Maslool, (pg. 366-367)]
AYAH 84
مَنْ جَاءَ
بِالْحَسَنَةِ فَلَهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْهَا وَمَنْ جَاءَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ فَلَا يُجْزَى
الَّذِينَ عَمِلُوا السَّيِّئَاتِ إِلَّا مَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ
Whosoever brings good (Islamic Monotheism along with righteous
deeds), he shall have the better thereof, and whosoever brings evil (polytheism
along with evil deeds) then, those who do evil deeds will only be requited for
what they used to do. (Al-Qasas 28:84)
- Allah
states in the above ayah that what you sow you shall reap
- therefore tauheed brings good deeds and shirk brings evil deeds
- And Allah will recompense us in the akhira, for that which we did in the dunya
- And Allah will recompense us in the akhira, for that which we did in the dunya
On the
authority of Abu Dharr al-Ghifaree (RA) from the Prophet (SAW) from his Lord,
that He said: "…O My servants, it is but your deeds that I reckon up for
you and then recompense you for, so let him who finds good praise Allah, and
let him who finds other than that blame no one but himself." [Sahih Muslim (4/1994) No.
2577]
AYAH 85
إِنَّ الَّذِي فَرَضَ
عَلَيْكَ الْقُرْآنَ لَرَادُّكَ إِلَى مَعَادٍ قُلْ رَبِّي أَعْلَمُ مَنْ جَاءَ
بِالْهُدَى وَمَنْ هُوَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ
Verily, He Who has given you (O Muhammad SAW) the Qur'an (i.e.
ordered you to act on its laws and to preach it to others) will surely bring
you back to the Ma'ad (place of return, either to Makkah or to Paradise after
your death, etc.). Say (O Muhammad SAW): "My Lord is Aware of him who
brings guidance, and he who is in manifest error." (Al-Qasas 28:85)
- Herein
Allah commands the Rasool to preach to mankind
- as he
(SAW) was sent as a mercy to mankind
Say (O Muhammad SAW):
"This is my way; I invite unto Allah (i.e. to the Oneness of Allah -
Islamic Monotheism) with sure knowledge, I and whosoever follows me (also must
invite others to Allah i.e to the Oneness of Allah - Islamic Monotheism) with
sure knowledge. And Glorified and Exalted be Allah (above all that they
associate as partners with Him). And I am not of the Mushrikun (polytheists,
pagans, idolaters and disbelievers in the Oneness of Allah; those who worship
others along with Allah or set up rivals or partners to Allah)." (Yusuf
12:108)
- So
when we wish to invite people to Islam
- we
must ensure that we have Sure Knowledge
- and if
we do not know, then we should simply say: 'I do not know'
- To
speak of Allah without knowledge is haraam
And do not pursue that
of which you have no knowledge. Indeed, the hearing, the sight and the heart -
about all those [one] will be questioned. (Al-Isra 17:36)
Ibn Abbas (RA) narrated
that Allah’s Messenger (SAW) said, “He who speaks on the Qur’an without
possessing knowledge must assume his seat in the Fire.” [Musnad Ahmad (Vol. 1,
pg. 269) No. 2429, Sunan at-Tirmdhi (Vol. 5, pg.198) No. 2950, Abu Eesa
al-Tirmidhi said: this hadeeth is hasan]
Al-Haytham bin Jamil
said: "I heard Malik bin Anas being asked forty eight questions, to
thirty-two of which he replied: ‘I do not know.’ [Tarikh al-Abi Ziraa
al-Dimashqi, Vol.1, pg. 49, no. 995]
- we
must train ourselves in dawah prior to giving dawah.
- Baseerah
means sure knowledge.
And say (O Muhammad
SAW) "Do deeds! Allah will see your deeds, and (so will) His Messenger and
the believers. And you will be brought back to the All-Knower of the unseen and
the seen. Then He will inform you of what you used to do." (At-Tawbah
9:105)
- This
is an order from Allah to perform righteous deeds without fearing the blame of
the blamers.
Sheikh-ul-Islam Ibn
Taymiyyah said: “Freeing the prisoners is one of the greatest compulsory deeds
and spending ransom money and other means towards that, is one of the greatest
ways to come close to Allah.” [Al-Fatawa (28/635)]
Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani
said: “The saying of Imam Al-Bukhari, 'The Chapter on Freeing Prisoners' refers
to freeing them from the hands of the enemy by money or by other means. The
word 'Al-Fakak', where the fa (Arabic letter) from the word has a fatha (it is
also permissible for it to take a kasrah), means to free. This word is
mentioned in two hadiths. The first one is the hadith of Abu Musa: "Free
the prisoner." Ibn Battal said that freeing the prisoners is compulsory on
a collective duty (Fard Kifayah). This opinion is also held by the majority of
the scholars.” [Fath Al-Bari (6/167)]
Ibn Qudaamah (rh) said:
‘It is obligatory to pay the ransom money for the Muslim prisoners, if it is
possible. This was also said by Umar bin Abdul-Aziz, Imam Malik and Ishaq. It
has been narrated from Ibn Zubair that he asked al-Hassan bin Ali about freeing
the prisoners. al-Hassan replied: “It is obligatory upon the entire Earth on
which he was fighting.”
It has been established
from the Messenger of Allah (SAW) that he said: “Feed the hungry, visit the
sick and free the prisoner.”
It has been narrated by
Saeed through his chain from Hibban bin Jabalah, that the Messenger of Allah
(SAW) said: “Indeed it is obligatory upon the Muslims to free their captives or
to pay their ransoms.”
The Messenger of Allah
(SAW) wrote a letter advising the Muhajireen and Ansar: “To restrain the enemy
soldiers in their fortresses and to free the Muslim captives with goodness.”
The Messenger of Allah
(SAW) paid the ransom for two Muslim men with a man who he (SAWS) had taken from
Bani Uqail, and he paid the ransom for two people with a woman who was given as
a gift by Salamah bin Al-Akwa.’ [al-Mughni (9/284) No. 7567]
Ibn Juzai al-Maliki (rh)
said: “It is necessary to rescue the Muslim prisoners from the
hands of the disbelievers by fighting them. If the Muslims are unable to do so,
then it becomes compulsory upon them to pay the ransom money. It is incumbent
on a rich person to ransom himself and on the Imam (leader), to pay the ransom
money for the poor people, from the Islamic Treasury. If they still fall short,
then it becomes compulsory to take from the wealth of all the Muslims, even if
it finishes their wealth.” [Qawaneen Al-Ahkam Ash-Shar'iyyah (Page 172)]
AYAH 86
وَمَا كُنْتَ تَرْجُو
أَنْ يُلْقَى إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابُ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً مِنْ رَبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ
ظَهِيرًا لِلْكَافِرِينَ
And you were not expecting that the Book (this Qur'an) would be
sent down to you, but it is a mercy from your Lord. So never be a supporter of
the disbelievers. (Al-Qasas 28:86)
- Allah
gave Muhammad (SAW) the Quran, although he was not expecting it
- Tauheed
was new in Makkah
- they
were deep in shirk
- so
they fought against Muhammad (SAW)
- Allah
instructs Muhammad (SAW) not to become a helper of the kaafirun
- Fatawa
of the classical scholars
- ABOUT HELPING
THE KAAFIRUN AGAINST THE MUSLIMOON:
O you who believe! Take
not the Jews and the Christians as Auliya' (friends, protectors, helpers,
etc.), they are but Auliya' to one another. And if any amongst you takes them
as Auliya', then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those people
who are the Zalimun (polytheists and wrongdoers and unjust). (Al-Ma'idah 5:51)
Ibn Hazm Stated in
Al-Muhalla (11/138):"What is correct is that His statement, the Most High,
"And if any amongst you takes them as Auliya', then surely he is one of
them." (The Quran 5:51), should be understood on the basis of its apparent
meaning. The person being referred to is a disbeliever from the generality of
disbelievers, and no two Muslims disagree regarding this."
- We
have to understand the ayah with its apparent meaning
Sheikh Muhammad ibn
Abdul Wahab, may Allah have mercy on him, gathered ten actions that negate
one's Islam (Nawaqid ul-'Ashr), the eighth one of which states: "Assisting
the disbelievers (against the believers) (Mudhaharatul Mushrikeen) and supporting
them against the believers (is from the actions that negates of one's faith).
The Proof being the statement of Allah, "And if any amongst you takes them
as Auliya', then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those
people who are the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers and unjust). (The Quran
5:51).”
Sheikh Ibn Baz stated
(Al-Fatawa 1/274): “There is a consensus amongst the scholars that whoever
supports the disbelievers against the believers (Dhahar Al-Kuffar 'Ala
Al-Muslimeen), and assists them by any means of assistance, then he is a
disbeliever just like them (the disbelievers he supported)…"
- So
there is ijmaa amongst the scholars in this matter,
- that
to assist the kufaar against the Muslims, by any means, then he becomes a kaafir.
- E.g.
Pakistan allowing their land and air space to be used by the kaafirs to kill
the Afghanis
- Saudi
providing land, air space and fuel to assist the kaafirs
- this
confirms that they are apostate regimes
AYAH 87-88
وَلَا يَصُدُّنَّكَ عَنْ
آيَاتِ اللَّهِ بَعْدَ إِذْ أُنْزِلَتْ إِلَيْكَ وَادْعُ إِلَى رَبِّكَ وَلَا
تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ (87) وَلَا تَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ لَا
إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ كُلُّ شَيْءٍ هَالِكٌ إِلَّا وَجْهَهُ لَهُ الْحُكْمُ
وَإِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (88)
And let them not turn you (O Muhammad SAW) away from (preaching)
the Ayat (revelations and verses) of Allah after they have been sent down to
you, and invite (men) to (believe in) your Lord [i.e: in the Oneness (Tauhid)
of Allah (i) Oneness of the Lordship of Allah; (ii) Oneness of the worship of
Allah; (iii) Oneness of the Names and Qualities of Allah], and be not of
Al-Mushrikun (those who associate partners with Allah, e.g. polytheists,
pagans, idolaters, those who disbelieve in the Oneness of Allah and deny the
Prophethood of Messenger Muhammad SAW). (87) And invoke not any other ilah
(god) along with Allah, La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped
but He). Everything will perish save His Face. His is the Decision, and to Him
you (all) shall be returned. (Al-Qasas 28:87-88)
- Allah
confirms that every time He sends a messenger, there are people who oppose them
And so We have
appointed for every Prophet enemies - Shayatin (devils) among mankind and
jinns, inspiring one another with adorned speech as a delusion (or by way of
deception). If your Lord had so willed, they would not have done it, so leave
them alone with their fabrications. (Tafseer Qurtubi, Vol.7, Page 67) (Al-An'am
6:112)
- They
have enemies from both mankind and jinn
- So
Allah is reminding the Prophet not to allow these enemies to deter him from his
mission
- and
not to be of the mushrikeen
- So if
Muhammad (SAW) was warned about shirk,
- then
how can we be offended when we are warned of shirk?
13 SHADES OF SHIRK: http://www.authentictauheed.com/2012/11/393-13-shades-of-shirk.html
- e.g. to
believe in: Horoscopes, fortune-tellers and palm-readers is shirk
Abu Huraira reported
that the Prophet (SAW), said “Whoever comes to a fortune-teller and believes
him has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad (SAW)”. [Musnad Ahmad
(Vol. 2, pg. 429) No. 9532 and Mustadrak al-Hakim (Vol. 1, pg. 49) No. 15]
- also to
bow to other than Allah
And indeed it has been
revealed to you (O Muhammad SAW), as it was to those (Allah's Messengers)
before you: "If you join others in worship with Allah, (then) surely (all)
your deeds will be in vain, and you will certainly be among the losers."
(Az-Zumar 39:65)
- eating
meat which was slaughter in a name other than Allah’s
Eat not (O believers)
of that (meat) on which Allah's Name has not been pronounced (at the time of
the slaughtering of the animal), for sure it is Fisq (a sin and disobedience of
Allah). And certainly, the Shayatin (devils) do inspire their friends (from
mankind) to dispute with you, and if you obey them [by making AlMaytatah (a
dead animal) legal by eating it], then you would indeed be Mushrikun
(polytheists) [because they (devils and their friends) made lawful to you to
eat that which Allah has made unlawful to eat and you obeyed them by
considering it lawful to eat, and by doing so you worshipped them, and to
worship others besides Allah is polytheism]. (Al-An'am 6:121)
Or were you witnesses
when death approached Ya'qub (Jacob)? When he said unto his sons, "What
will you worship after me?" They said, "We shall worship your Ilah
(God - Allah), the Ilah (God) of your fathers, Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma'il
(Ishmael), Ishaque (Isaac), One Ilah (God), and to Him we submit (in
Islam)." (Al-Baqarah 2:133)
- Even
from his death bed Yaqub (AS) warned his sons of shirk
- The
majority of the Muslims are deep in shirk
Ibrahim (Abraham) was
neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was a true Muslim Hanifa (Islamic
Monotheism - to worship none but Allah Alone) and he was not of Al-Mushrikun
(See V.2:105). (Aali Imran 3:67)
- To die
in a state of major shirk is to die in a state of disbelief
Verily, Allah forgives
not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except
that (anything else) to whom He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with
Allah in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin. (An-Nisa 4:48)
And most of them
believe not in Allah except that they attribute partners unto Him [i.e. they
are Mushrikun -polytheists - see Verse 6: 121]. (Yusuf 12:106)
- Most
people who claim to believe in Allah are swimming in shirk
Q&A
Question
1: Assalam
alekum shaikh. What are the grounds for capital punishment in Sharia? The
Islamic State is known to carry out executions, are all of these cases (which
you know of) legal in Sharia?
The recompense of those
who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and do mischief in the land is
only that they shall be killed or crucified or their hands and their feet be
cut off on the opposite sides, or be exiled from the land. That is their disgrace
in this world, and a great torment is theirs in the Hereafter. (Al-Ma'idah
5:33)
- The
grounds for capital punishment are as follows:
1) To
insult Allah
2) To
insult Muhammad (SAW)
Hussain ibn Ali related
from his father Ali Ibn Abi Talib that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said:
"Whoever curses a Prophet, kill him. Whoever curses my Companions, beat
him." [al-Mu’jam al-Awsat al-Tabarani (5/35) No. 4602]
It was narrated that Abu
Barzah Al-Aslami said: "A man spoke harshly to Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, and I
said: 'Shall I kill him?' He rebuked me and said: 'That is not for anyone after
the Messenger of Allah (SAW)"'. [Sunan Nasa'i (7/108) No. 4071]
Ibn 'Abbas narrated
that: 'A blind man had a freed concubine (umm walad) who used to insult the
Prophet (SAW) and say bad things about him. He told her not to do that but she
did not stop, and he rebuked her but she did not heed him. One night, when she
started to say bad things about the Prophet (SAW) and insult him, he took a
short sword or dagger, put it on her belly and pressed it and killed her. The
following morning that was mentioned to the Messenger of Allaah (SAW). He
called the people together and said, “I adjure by Allah the man who has done
this action and I adjure him by my right over him that he should stand up.” The
blind man stood up and said, “O Messenger of Allaah, I am the one who did it;
she used to insult you and say bad things about you. I forbade her, but she did
not stop, and I rebuked her, but she did not give up her habit. I have two sons
like pearls from her, and she was kind to me. Last night she began to insult
you and say bad things about you. So I took a dagger, put it on her belly and
pressed it till I killed her.” Thereupon the Prophet (SAW) said: “Bear witness,
there is no blood money due for her.”' [Sunan Abu Dawud (4/129) No. 4361, Sunan
al-Nasa'i (7/107) No. 4070, al-Sunan al-Kubra al-Bayhaqi (7/96) No. 13375,
Sunan al-Daraqutni (4/116) No. 3194, Mustadrak al-Haakim (4/394) No. 8044,
al-Haakim said: It is saheeh according to the conditions of Muslim although
they [al-Bukhari and Muslim] did not narrate it. It was classed as saheeh by
al-Dhahabi in his Talkhees, and by Ibn Hajar in Buloogh al-Maraam (pg. 369) No.
1215]
3) To
insult the Qur'an (i.e. by saying it is corrupted)
4) To
deny an aspect of Islam - an aspect that is known by necessity
- e.g.
zakat
Abu Hurairah (RA)
reported: When the Messenger of Allah (SAW) passed away, Abu Bakr (RA) was
appointed as his successor (caliph). Amongst the Arabs some men apostatised.
Abu Bakr (RA) resolved to fight them. 'Umar bin Al-Khattab (RA) said to Abu
Bakr: "How can you fight them when the Messenger of Allah (SAW) has
declared: 'I have been commanded to fight people till they testify La ilaha
illallah (there is no true god except Allah); and if they do it, their blood
(life) and property are secured except when justified by law, and it is for
Allah to call them to account." Upon this Abu Bakr (RA) said: "By
Allah, I would definitely fight him who makes distinction between Salat and the
Zakat, because it is an obligation upon the rich to pay Zakat. By Allah I will
fight them even to secure the piece of rope which they used to give to the
Messenger of Allah (SAW)." 'Umar (RA) said: "I realized that Allah
opened the heart of Abu Bakr (RA) for fighting those who refused to pay Zakat,
and I fully recognized that Abu Bakr was on the truth." [al-Bukhari (1399,
1400) and Muslim (20)]
5)
Adultery
Narrated By 'Abdullah:
Allah's Messenger (SAW) said, "The blood of a Muslim who confesses that
none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am His Messenger,
cannot be shed except in three cases: In Qisas for murder, a married person who
commits illegal sexual intercourse and the one who reverts from Islam (apostate)
and leaves the Muslims." [al-Bukhari (6878) and Muslim (1676)]
6)
Murderer
7)
Homosexuality
- it is
haraam to kill a lesbian because the intimacy of lesbians is superficial
Ibn ‘Abbas (RA) said:
The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: “Whoever you find doing the action of the
people of Loot, execute the one who does it and the one to whom it is done.”
[Sunan Tirmidhi (4/57) No. 1456, Sunan Abu Dawud (4/158) No. 4462, Sunan Ibn
Majah (3/594) No. 2561, Musnad Ahmad (1/300) No. 2732]
Ibn Qudamah said:
"If two women engage in lesbian sexual relations, then they are guilty of
zina and are cursed, because it was narrated that the Prophet (SAW) said: “If a
woman has sexual relations with another woman, then they are both guilty of
zina.” There is no hadd punishment for them because they did not have
intercourse, rather it is likened to intimate relations that are less than
intercourse, and they are to be subjected to a ta’zeer punishment."
[al-Mughni (9/61)]
8)
Incest
Narrated By Al-Bara' ibn
Azib: I met my uncle who was carrying a standard. I asked him: 'Where are you
going?' He said: 'The Messenger of Allah (SAW) has sent me to a man who has
married his father's wife. He has ordered me to cut off his head and take his
property.' [Sunan Abu Dawud (4/157) No. 4457, Sunan al-Nasa'i (6/109) No. 3332,
Sunan al-Darime (2/205) No. 2239, Musnad Ahmad (4/290) No. 18580]
It was narrated from Ibn
'Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: “Whoever has intercourse with a
Mahram relative, kill him; and whoever has intercourse with an animal, kill
him, and kill the animal.” [Sunan Ibn Majah (3/596) No. 2564]
9)
Bestiality
Narrated By Abdullah ibn
Abbas: The Prophet (SAW) said: "If anyone has sexual intercourse with an
animal, kill him and kill it along with him." I (Ikrimah) said: I asked
him (Ibn Abbas): 'What offence can be attributed to the animal?' He replied: 'I
think he (the Prophet) disapproved of its flesh being eaten when such a thing
had been done to it.' [Sunan Abu Dawud (4/159) No. 4464, Sunan Tirmidhi (4/56)
No. 1455, Musnad Ahmad (1/269) No. 2420]
10) The
rapist
- Only
some rapists are killed, it is up to decision of the judge
- dependent
on the circumstances
11)
Paedophile
- (not
every paedophile is killed, it is a decision for the judge to make)
12)
Those who perform black magic
Jundub (RA) reported
that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: “The hadd (prescribed punishment) for
the practitioner of magic is a blow with the sword (i.e., execution)"
[Sunan Tirmidhi (4/60) No. 1460, Sunan al-Daraqutni (4/120) No. 3204, Mustadrak
al-Haakim (4/401) No. 8073, al-Sunan al-Kabir al-Bayhaqi (8/234) No. 16500,
al-Mu'jam al-Kabir al-Tabarani (2/161) No. 1665]
Bajaalah (RA) said:
“Umar ibn al-Khattaab (RA) wrote to us commanding us to kill every sorcerer,
male or female.” [Musnad Ahmad (1/190) No. 1657, Sunan Abu Dawud (3/168) No.
3043, al-Sunan al-Kabir al-Bayhaqi (9/318) No. 18652]
13) Armed Robber
Narrated Anas: Some
people from 'Uraina tribe came to Medina and its climate did not suit them, so
Allah's Messenger (SAW) allowed them to go to the herd of camels (given as
Zakat) and they drank their milk and urine (as medicine) but they killed the
shepherd and drove away all the camels. So Allah's Messenger sent (men) in
their pursuit to catch them, and they were brought, and he had their hands and
feet cut, and their eyes were branded with heated pieces of iron and they were
left in the Harra (a stony place at Medina), till they died. [al-Bukhari (6802)
and Muslim (1671)]
14) The
Spy
Ibn al-Qayyim said
(concerning the hadeeth of Haatib ibn Abi Balta'ah): This was quoted as
evidence by those who do not think that the Muslim spy should be killed, such
as al-Shaafa'i, Ahmad and Abu Haneefah (may Allaah have mercy on them). And it
was quoted as evidence by those who think that the spy should be killed, such
as Maalik and Ibn 'Aqeel among the companions of Ahmad, and others. They said:
This is because the reason for not killing him was that he had been present at
Badr. If being Muslim was the reason for not killing him, he would not have
given a reason that is more specific, which is the fact that he had been
present at Badr. [Zad al-Ma'ad (3/104)]
Ibn al-Qayyim said:
"The correct view is that execution of a spy depends on the opinion of the
ruler; if executing him is in the Muslims’ interests, he should be executed,
but if letting him live serves a greater interest, then he should be allowed to
live. And Allah knows best." [Zad al-Ma'ad (3/372)]
15) Drug
smuggler
- not
every drug smuggler is killed
- it
depends on how dangerous the drugs in question are
16) The
apostate
On the authority of Ibn
Abbas (RA) narrated the Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: "If somebody (a
Muslim) discards his religion, kill him." [Sahih Bukhari (4/61) No. 3017,
Musnad Ahmad (1/322) No. 2968, Sunan al-Nasa'i (7/104) No. 4059, Sunan Ibn
Majah (3/574) No. 2535, Sunan Abu Dawud (4/126) No. 4351, Sunan Tirmidhi (4/59)
No. 1458]
- Not
every apostate is killed, it is the decision of the judge
- in
certain circumstances if the apostate recants then the judge may leave off the
death sentence
Al-Qurtubi said:
"There is no dispute among the scholars that qisaas (retaliatory
punishments) such as execution cannot be carried out except by those in
authority who are obliged to carry out the qisaas and carry out hadd
punishments etc, because Allaah has addressed the command regarding qisaas to
all the Muslims, and it is not possible for all the Muslims to get together to
carry out the qisaas, which is why they appointed a leader who may represent
them in carrying out the qisaas and hadd punishments." [Tafseer al-Qurtubi
(2/245-246)]
Ibn Rushd said:
"With regard to the one who should carry out this punishment they agreed
that the ruler should carry it out, and that applies to all the hadd
punishments." [Bidaayat al-Mujtahid (4/228)]
Question 2:
Is
machine slaughtered meat halal?
- Yes if
the person who is operating the machine says 'Bismillah'
- The difference
of opinion is regarding stunning
- If the
stunning kills the animal then the meat is haraam
- However
if the stunning did not kill the animal then it is halal
- so a
weaker animal may die due to the stunning e.g. chicken
- whereas
a stronger animal may not e.g. cow
- The
blood has to be drained on death
